074 OF NEGATIVE DEFECTIVE VERBS.

1st. വെണ്ടാ. Is the negative of വെണം. It is thus declined.

വെണ്ടാ is used in its full shape like its affirmative വെണം; thus,
ഇനിക്ക വെണ്ടാ, I do not want.
പൊകയും സംസാരിക്കയും വെണ്ടാ, Neither go, nor speak.
2nd. വെണ്ടാ. Shortened to എണ്ടാ is joined to other verbs; and when under either form it is used imperatively it conveys the sense of a gentle prohibition; as,
നീ സഹായിക്കെണ്ടാ, Do not assist.
നിങ്ങൾ വരെണ്ടാ, Do not come.
ഞങ്ങൾ പൊകട്ടെ? വെണ്ടാ, Let us go? do not go.
3rd. ഇല്ല, and അല്ല. The former is the negative of ഉണ്ട: the latter of ആകുന്നു. (See para 89 on ഉണ്ട and ആകുന്നു.) ഉണ asserts, and ഇല്ല denies the existence of a thing: ആകുന്നു affirms, and അല്ല denies its attributes or qualities; thus,
അവൻ അവിടെ ഉണ്ടൊ? Is he there? ഇല്ല, No.
ഇനിക്ക ദ്രവ്യം ഇല്ലായ്ക കൊണ്ട പട്ടണിയായികിടക്കുന്നു.
I am starving for want of money.
ഞാൻ ധനവാൻ അല്ലായ്കകൊണ്ട മനുഷ്യർ എന്നെ നിന്ദിക്കും.
Because I am not rich men will despise me.
അപ്രകാരം ആകുന്നുവൊ? അല്ല. Is it so? No. ഇല്ല and അല്ല are thus declined.

ഇല്ല joined to affirmative verbs renders them negative: it is used with all parts of the verb, except the Imperative and Infinitive Moods, and the Participles. The negative is made with ഇല്ല by omitting the last vowel of the principal verb and adding ഇല്ല. If the past tense end in ഇ, a യ is inserted; as,

The negative future is formed by adding യില്ല to the verbal noun; as,
Verbal noun സഹായിക്ക. Negative future സഹായിക്കയില്ല.
„ „ മുങ്ങുക, „ „ മുങ്ങുകയില്ല.
അല്ല, joined to the future tense of verbs, is used by inferiors in the sense of a Negative precative: in this case, the two last letters of the verb and the first of the affix are removed; an എ is prefixed to ല്ല and both are annexed to the principal verb; as,
അത ചെയ്യല്ലെ. Do not do that.
പൊകല്ലെ. Pray do not go.
4th. അരുത. This word conveys the force of a strong prohibition; as, Must not. It is usually affixed to the future tense of a principal verb thus, the two last letters of the verb and the first of the affix are removed, and the remaining letters joined; as,
Future Affirmative. Future Negative.
ഉപദ്രവിക്കും. ഉപദ്രവിക്കരുത, Must not injure.
പൊകും. പൊകരുത, Must not go.

Sometimes അരുത is added, without alteration, to verbal nouns like വെണം; thus,
ഉപദ്രവിക്കയും അരുത, Must not injure.
പൊകയുമരുത. Must not go.
From അരുത, is made the negative participle അരുതാത്തത; which, in construction, is used indefinitely; Such indeed is the case with all negative relative participles ending in ത്ത; but as there are negative forms of the past participle made to end in ഞ്ഞ, and as the negative ending in ത്ത, often corresponds. in point of time, to the affirmative ending in ന്ന, called the present relative participle; I have thought it would be less perplexing to beginners to adopt that name all through the grammar, for this form of the negative relative participle. the time being marked by the final verb; as,
അവൻ ചെയ്യരുതാത്തത ചെയ്യുന്നു.
He is doing what he ought not to do.
അവൻ ചെയ്യരുതാത്തത ചെയ്തു.
He did what he ought not to do.
അവൻ ചെയ്യരുതാത്തത ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട.
He hath done what he ought not to have done.
അവൻ ചെയ്യരുതാത്തത ചെയ്യും.
He will do what he ought not to do.
There is a past form made thus ചെയ്യരുതാഞ്ഞ, but it is very seldom used.
5th. വഹിയ, മെല്ല, Cannot. മെല്ല seldom undergoes any change. The former has
Present tense. വഹിയ.
Past „ വഹിയാഞ്ഞു.
Verbal participle. വഹിയാതെ.
Present relative participle. വഹിയാത്ത.
Past „ „ വഹിയാഞ്ഞ.
Both words follow the infinitive mood of verbs, and require the governing noun to be in the Dative case; as,
ഇനിക്ക സഹായിപ്പാൻ വഹിയ. I cannot assist.
ഇനിക്ക പൊകുവാൻ മെല്ല. I cannot go.
In common conversation the principal verb is often omitted; as,
നിങ്ങൾക്ക വഹിയ. You cannot.
അവൎക്ക മെല്ല. They cannot.
6th. കഴികയില്ല. The negative future of the verb കഴിയുന്നു; (See para 112, section 1st.)
This form is used in the same way, and with the same meaning as the last; thus,
ഇനിക്ക വരുവാൻ കഴികയില്ല. I cannot come.
7th. കൂടാ. To be unable. This word comes from the verb കൂടുന്നു, to join. It is sometimes used alone, as in the case of വഹിയ: but, in general; it follows the simple past tense of a principal verb, and if not used imperatively, requires a Dative of the person.
It is often used for one of the last forms, but its proper signification is to convey a sense of moral inability, or to show the great moral impropriety of doing any particular action; as,
നല്ല മനുഷ്യന്ന ആ ദൊഷത്തെ ചെയ്തുകൂടാ.
A good man cannot do that evil.
ഇനിക്ക എന്റെ അപ്പനെ അടിച്ചുകൂടാ.
I cannot strike my Father.
തനിക്ക ആ കല്പനയെ ലംഘിച്ചുകൂടാ.
You cannot break that command.
Of the use of the letter ആ in the formation of negative verbs.
126. ആ when used in the formation of negative verbs, takes the following forms.
As the sign of the Past tense. ആഞ്ഞു.
„ „ „ „ „ Verbal participle. ആതെ.
„ „ „ Present relative participle. ആത്ത.
„ „ „ Past „ „ ആഞ്ഞ.
„ „ „ Verbal Noun. ആയ്ക.
Affirmative verbs, in most of the tenses, become negative by removing ഉന്നു from the present indicative and adding ആതെ with the verb ഇരിക്കുന്നു in the tense required; thus,

There is sometimes a slight difference of meaning between the negatives formed with ഇല്ല and ആതെ ഇരിക്കുന്നു, when used in the indicative and indefinite moods, which can only be distinguished by practice. But whether negative verbs be formed by ഇല്ല or ആതെ ഇരിക്കുന്നു, the infinitive There is a form of the negative infinitive made thus, സഹായിക്കായ്വാൻ, ചെയ്യായ്വാൻ; but this is nearly obsolete. and imperative moods must be formed by ആതെ ഇരിക്കുന്നു.