052 PAST TENSE. PAST PARTICIPLE.

സഹായിച്ചു, സഹായിച്ച.
ചൊല്ലി, ചൊല്ലിയ.
പൊയി, പൊയ.
117. Participles present cannot be used as verbal participles.
Past participles may be used either as verbal or relative.
118. Verbal participles cannot be used as adjectives, or substantives, like the English participles. They invariably require the addition of a governing noun or pronoun, and final verb in order to distinguish number, person, and tense; as,
ഞാൻ വന്ന കണ്ടു. I came and saw: lit. I having come, saw.
119. Participles are here called relative, because when placed in a certain position in the sentence they convey the power of the English relative pronouns, who, which, that; besides retaining the meaning of the participle. They can precede no verbs, but are followed by nouns, or pronouns with which they agree as adjectives; thus,
സംസാരിക്കുന്ന പൈതൽ. The child who is speaking.
ചത്ത പശു. The cow which died; or the dead cow.