077 FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES.

129. Besides words that are naturally adjectives; as, നല്ല, Good;
പല, many; &c., many nouns, under certain modifications, are used
as adjectives; thus,
1st. Many neuter nouns ending in ം, drop that character, and the
remainder of the word is used adjectively; thus,
മാസം, Month. മാസ കണക്ക, Monthly account.
ലൊകം, World. ലൊക കാൎയ്യം, Worldly affair
കള്ളം, Falsehood. കള്ള ഭക്തി, False piety.
സൌന്ദൎയ്യം, Beauty. സൌന്ദൎയ്യ സ്ത്രീ, Handsome woman.
2nd. Many nouns ending in ം; take the participle ഉള്ള; Words formed with the help of ആയുള്ള, are generally confounded with adjectives made by ഉള്ള; but this is not more common, than incorrect, such words, with the addition of a noun, or pronominal affix, being nouns of character, or quality, and ought to be used as such. I have omitted the mention of them till treating of the adjective made with ഉള്ള, that the difference may be more readily seen: thus, the following phrase cannot be correctly applied to any merely human being, ആ മനുഷ്യൻ സത്യമായുള്ളവൻ ആകുന്നു; but we can say,
ദൈവം സത്യമുള്ളവനാകുന്നു, which means, God is truth. as,
സന്തൊഷം, Joy. സന്തൊഷമുള്ള വൎത്തമാനം, Joyful news.
കൊപം, Wrath. കൊപമുള്ള മനുഷ്യൻ, Angry man.
ഉയരം, Height. ഉയരമുള്ള വൃക്ഷം, High tree.
3rd. Nouns ending with a vowel, expressed or understood, are, without any change, used adjectively; as,
പിച്ചള, Brass. പിച്ചള പാത്രം, Brazen vessel.
മഴ, Rain. മഴ കാലം, Rainy weather.
ചെളി, Mud. ചെളി കുഴി, Muddy pit.
കളി, Play. കളി കൊപ്പുകൾ, Play things.
4th. Nouns ending in റ or ട, double these letters when used as adjectives; thus,
ചെറ, Mire. ചെറ്റ കുഴി, Miry pit.
ആറ, River, ആറ്റ വെള്ളം, River water.
വീട, House, വീട്ട കാൎയ്യം, Household affairs.
കാട, Jungle. കാട്ട ദിക്ക, Jungle country.
5th. Some nouns and adverbs are used adjectively by adding to them the particle ത്തെ. In this case some of the words undergo a slight change; as,

6th. Some nouns take അടുത്ത, which is the past participle of the verb അടുക്കുന്നു, to be near, to approach: as,
ഭൂമി, Earth. ഭൂമിക്ക അടുത്ത
ആശ്വാസം, Earthly comfort.
ആത്മാവ, Spirit. ആത്മാവിന്ന
ടുത്ത കാൎയ്യം, Spiritual things.
The mere adjective form may be applied to any one indifferently; as,
ദൈവം സത്യമുള്ളവനാകുന്നു, God is true.
മനുഷ്യൻ സത്യമുള്ളവനാകന്നു, Man is true.
Nouns of this description may be frequently translated by what is termed the English passive voice; thus,
അവൻ കൊപിക്കുമ്പൊൾ ഭയങ്കരമായുള്ളവനാകുന്നു.
When he is angry he is to be dreaded.
7th. English adjectives and participles, when used adjectively may be rendered into Malayalim by the relative participle; as,
ചിരിക്കുന്ന പൈതൽ, The smiling boy.
മരിച്ച മനുഷ്യൻ, The dead man.
8th. Negative adjectives are formed by adding the relative participle of ഇല്ല, അല്ല, or the past participle കെട്ട, to a noun; and prefixing the word so formed to the noun that is to be qualified; as,
അറിവ, Knowledge. അറിവില്ലാത്ത ആൾ, Ignorant person.
സത്യം, Truth. സത്യമല്ലാത്ത കാൎയ്യം, False affair.
നാണം, Shame. നാണം കെട്ടവൻ, Shameless person.