033 OF THE FORMATION OF THE TENSES.

89. Time strictly speaking, can be of three kinds only; Past, Present, and Future,
These, in Malayalim, are expressed by the verb in its simple state; as,
Present ഞാൻ അടിക്കുന്നു, I strike. ഞാൻ പറയുന്നു, I speak.
Past „ അടിച്ചു, I struk. „ പറഞ്ഞു, I spake.
Future „ അടിക്കും, I will strike.„ പറയും, I will speak.
Sometimes however in speaking of the performance of certain actions, or of the state of things at particular times; there are so many modifying circumstances as to render it necessary to qualify the simple tenses of the verb. This, in Malayalim, is, in a great measure, effected by the aid of the auxiliary verbs ആകുന്നു and ഇരിക്കുന്നു, to be, ഉണ്ട, to have, to be; and the particles കൊണ്ട, മാറ, and ആം.
1st. ആകുന്നു and ഇരിക്കുന്നു, declined, as far as necessary to explain their connection with other verbs.